EPC rating D: what it means and what it costs
A D is the most common band for existing homes: typically an older house with gas central heating and partial insulation. Across 2,072,120 homes certified at band D since September 2022, the median modelled heating and hot water cost is £1,043 a year, about £87 a month.
What would a D-rated home your size cost to heat?
The same home at band C: about £710 a year, £330 less.
Scaled from the median modelled cost per square metre of D-rated homes certified since September 2022. These are the standardised running-cost estimates from EPC assessments, and never a prediction of your actual bill, which depends on your tariff and usage.
Band D by property type
| Property type | Median heating cost/yr | Median floor area | Median CO₂ (t/yr) | Certificates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| House | £1,154 | 87 m² | 3.9 | 1,405,814 |
| Flat | £765 | 53 m² | 2.5 | 370,822 |
| Bungalow | £904 | 65 m² | 3.1 | 246,894 |
| Maisonette | £925 | 72 m² | 3.1 | 46,732 |
How band D compares
| Band | Median heating cost/yr | vs band D |
|---|---|---|
| A | £360 | £683 less |
| B | £301 | £742 less |
| C | £636 | £407 less |
| D (this page) | £1,043 | — |
| E | £1,593 | £550 more |
| F | £2,348 | £1,305 more |
| G | £3,711 | £2,668 more |
Moving up from D
Reaching C is often 1 or 2 measures: loft top-up, cavity wall insulation, or a modern boiler. Start with the recommendations on your certificate. The full rundown of measures, costs and sensible order is in how to improve your EPC rating.